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Quran,Translation and Commentary in Brief (Vol. 06)
verse 12Verses 10-11

OCCASION OF REVELATION
One of the terms of the Treaty of HUDAYBIYEH was so that if someone from GHORAISH fled to the prophet's protection at Medina,he or she had to be returned back, but if someone fled to the protection of GHORAISH at Mecca, he or she was not to be sent back.
Soon after the treaty was made,a woman named SA,BE,EH, was converted and fled to the prophet.
Her husband came and said to Messenger of God:-``Give me my wife back.'' He added that his request was according to the new agreement that was signed between the two parties.
To this effect, the above verse was revealed that:-
``If a believing woman emigratged to you, test her.''
If she proved to be sincerly faithful, then do not return her to her pagan husband,because it is unlawful for a Moslim woman to have a non-Moslim husband. Their test was to swear that they had really converted, and that there was not any object in their emigration except being obedient to Allah.
COMPENSATION OF LOSS FOR BOTH SIDES
VERSE NO. 10-11
A woman who left her pagan husband and emigrated to Medina, had to be tested first. If she proved to be faithful, she was not to be sent back to her heathen husband, due to the terms of Hudaybeyeh Treaty. This is because both of the spouses are unlawful to one another according to Islam's religion.
According to the Pagan Arab's customs, the dowers were paid before the marriage. Therefore when a woman fled to the realm of Islam in order to protect her religion, her husband had to be compensated for his loss of the dower he had paid; that Islam is a religion of Justice and equity. Such refugees are naturally divorced, and they can take a Moslim for husband, after their period has been expired, which is more than three months.
So is the case with a Moslim whose wife has left him, for joining the unbelievers. To open this matter with more detail, we may add that;
As we mentioned above, it is unlawful for a Moslim woman to take a heathen for husband. During the life time of our prophet, some women had converted while their husbands remained unbelievers. Such women were oppressed for their faith; and some others managed to escape to Medina, with the hope of being protected by the prophet. God's command about such refugees was not to return them to the custody of their heathen husband's at Mecca. But to observe justice, their husband's loss on their dower had to be protected, and her freedom granted-and this was to be paid at the cost of Moslims. For such emigrant women, their real faithfulness had to be proved:-
``O, you who have believed! When the believing emigrant women came to you, test them. Then if you found them to be faithful, do not return them to their heathen husbands. She is not lawful to him, nor he is lawful to her.''
On the contrary, although very rare, if a woman went over to the pagans, her dower could be recoverable and paid to her deserted husband.

verse 12Verses 10-11
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