The Official Website of Grand Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi

The Official Website of Grand Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi

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Performing Prayer with Dentures Made of the Tissues of Animals whose Meat is Impermissible to Eat [Miscellaneous of Prayer]

Question:If one uses dentures made of certain tissues of animals whose meat is not permissible to eat, will one’s prayer be invalidated?
Answer: There is no issue with this.

Wearing Black Clothing during Mourning Ceremonies [Mourning]

Question:Is wearing black clothing in the mourning ceremonies held for Imam Husayn (‘a.) and other Imams (‘a) preferred over other clothes, as the author of the book “Hada’iq” has also stated?
Answer: Whenever it is done in order to uphold the sacred Islamic rites it is preferable.

The Chador of Women during Prayer [Amount of Body Coverage during Prayer]

Question:Should the Chador of a woman during prayer be in the way that her body is not visible from any side? And is it necessary to cover the ornaments of her face and hands during prayer in a place where there are no non-maḥrams present?
Answer: It is necessary for women to cover all of the body except the face, the hands up to the wrist and the feet up to the instep. Further, a woman’s body must be covered from all four sides during prayer and if ornaments are worn over the clothing they can be kept during prayers.

Purification of the Genitals with a Piece of Cloth after Urination [Ways of Cleaning Excretion Areas]

Question:In case an ill person cannot wash himself/herself with water after urinating because of some reason, can they purify their body with a cloth and perform prayer afterwards?
Answer: Under the mentioned condition, which is a necessary condition, there is no issue with this kind of purification.

The Necessary Cover for Men and Women [Veil]

Question:What is the necessary cover according to Islam and what kind of clothing is the proper cover for men and women? Are wigs that some women wear considered to be a proper cover of their natural hair?
Answer: According to the Islamic law, in order to be properly covered, women must cover all of the body except the face and hands. Furthermore, some coverings, such as wigs, that are worn as ornaments are not enough. Similarly, clothes that are considered to be ornamental clothes are not enough. Proper cover for men, on the other hand, includes clothes that cover those parts of the body that are commonly covered by Muslims. Therefore covering the head, the hands, and arms (in short-sleeve shirts) and the like is not obligatory for men.

To Construct a Mosque on a Land that is Devoted to the Mourning Ceremonies held for Imam Husayn (‘a) [Rulings of Vaqf]

Question:Is it permissible to build a mosque on a land that is devoted (as waqf) to the mourning ceremonies held for Imam Husayn (‘a)?
Answer: If it is possible, rent the land for the purpose of building the mosque from its custodian, and if there is no custodian then rent it from the religious authority and some of trusted people of that neighborhood need to sign that contract in order not to be forgotten. So, each year the rent that is paid must be used for holding mourning ceremonies for Imam Husayn (‘a). Moreover, the duration of the rental agreement should be specified and limited so that it can be renewed after the expiration of that period.

Purifying the Mosque [Rulings of Mosque]

Question:Is it enough to purify the outer surfaces of the walls and the floor of a mosque which is build using mutanajjis material (materials which were clean in the beginning but became najis later)?
Answer: It is sufficient.

Having Fecal Bag during Prayer [Prayer of Handicaps and Ill Persons]

Question:A person, has had a major intestine surgery, and their rectum is blocked and their feces is collected in a bag how should such a person perform their prayer?
Answer: There is no issue with this if the bag is carried with them. Furthermore, if the body is contaminated they should wash it if it is not too difficult for them, and if it is too difficult for them to wash their body, they can perform their prayer in whatever state they are in.

The Ruling regarding the Mosques which are not Used Anymore [Mosque]

Question:What is the ruling concerning the mosques which are situated in the middle of streets, and also regarding those which are situated in deserts or desolate villages and which are no longer used for performing prayers and sometimes they are contaminated by animals which enter them?
Answer: About mosques that are situated in the middle of streets, there is no way that they can be demolished, both because they are mosques and because the property on which they have been built has been devoted by someone to the mosque. Thus anyone who demolishes such a mosque should pay the price for that by building another mosque or repairing other mosques. In fact, this is an example of wasting the property itself and until there is no necessity, destroying a mosque is strictly impermissible. As regards desolate mosques in deserts and desolate villages, they should be kept in a way that they are not desecrated.

Performing bestowment in Mosque [Rulings of Mosque]

Question:Is it permissible to perform acts like bestowment in the mosques, and if they are permissible, should they be done after obtaining permission from the religious authority?
Answer: Performing these acts in the mosque is not prohibited and there is no need for the permission of the religious authority. However, attending to worldly acts in the mosque is considered to be makrūh and if these acts disturb the worshippers in the mosque they are prohibited.

Entrance of Infidels into Mosques [Rulings of Mosque]

Question:Is it necessary to prevent infidels from entering the mosques?
Answer: The obligatory precaution demands that infidels be prevented from entering mosques except when they intend to research about Islam and like that.

Demolishing the Mosque of a Desolate Village [Mosque]

Question:Is it permissible to demolish the mosque of a desolate village?
Answer: Demolishing a mosque is not permissible but if it collapses itself it is permissible to use its materials to rebuild the mosque of that village or other places.

Difference between Mosque and Hussainiyyah [Mosque]

Question:Why it is not permitted to do what can be done in a mosque in hussainiyyah (place of mourning Imam Husayn (‘a), and vice versa? Because if it is permitted we can have one place which can be used both as a mosque and a husainiyyah in order to prevent the wastage of land and costs of building.
Answer: There are some limitations for women and sometimes for men for entering mosques however, there are much fewer limitations for entering hussainiyyahs. Of course one will be granted a much greater reward for performing prayer in the mosque compared to a husainiyyah and this is why both kinds of building are constructed.

Using the Things which Belong to the Mosque but which are No Longer Needed in the Mosque to Help the Poor [Mosque]

Question:If a mosque has extra carpets or other things which are not needed in it, is it permissible to give them to poor persons if other mosques don’t need them?
Answer: This is not permissible, but it is permissible to sell them and use the money for other needs of the mosque.

Building Shops and Malls in the Underground level of the Mosque [Mosque]

Question:If a mosque is situated a few meters above the ground and it doesn’t have an underground floor is it permissible to build a shop under the mosque and sell its right of trade and consume the money for the mosque?
Answer: It is not permitted, but if the person who devoted the land for the mosque has allowed it, it will be permissible. However, there is no issue with constructing things like libraries in the basement of the mosques.

Placing Curtain between Male and Female worshippers [Rulings of Mosque]

Question:There was a wall or curtain between men and women f r o m the past and now some people say that there is no need for a wall or curtain to be between men and women during prayers or sermons, what is your ruling in this regard?
Answer: If rows of women are behind men there is no need for a curtain but if they are beside each other the obligatory precaution demands that a curtain separates them.

Using a Part of the Inner Chamber of the Mosque to Expand the Kitchen [Mosque]

Question:In case a mosque needs a bigger kitchen as its current kitchen is too small, is it permissible to separate the kitchen from the mosque itself in order to expand it?
Answer: There is no issue with it if it doesn’t disturb the worshippers and it doesn’t reduce the place for performing prayers and it is a necessity for the mosque.

Repairing the Mosque based on the Decision of the Board of Trustees [Mosque]

Question:Is it permissible for the board of trustees of the mosque to act for the repair of the mosque and the other issues related to it without the permission of the custodian of the mosque?
Answer: Precaution demands that the permission of the custodian be obtained but if the custodian of the mosque disagrees with what is in the interest of the mosque or he doesn’t pay attention to them, the board of trustees can obtain the permission of the religious authority in that matter.

Decorating the Mosques [Rulings of Mosque]

Question:Is it permissible to decorate the mosques and hussainiyyahs?
Answer: There is no problem with it if the mosque is not decorated with gold and the picture of living creatures and on the condition that it does not lead to extravagance and the wasting of resources.

Expanding a Mosque into the Land of Another Mosque [Mosque]

Question:There are two mosques which are built next to each other, one for summer and the other for winter, and the winter mosque is too small to meet the needs of people particularly in the month of Muharram is it permissible to expand the winter mosque by taking some space from the summer mosque?
Answer: It is not permissible based on the obligatory precaution however you can open a door from one mosque to the other.

Testifying to the Wilāyah of Amir al-Mu’mineen (‘a) in Adhān (call to prayer) [Azan (Adhan; call for prayer) and Iqama (second call)]

Question:Since when has the phrase for testifying to the wilāyah of Amir al-Mu’mineen Ali (‘a) been recited in the adhān (call to prayer)?
Answer: According to some traditions, this phrase has been recited as a part of the call to prayer since the age of the Infallible Imams (‘a) but it was not widely recited in that era. Later on it became the motto of the Shiʻa school (for more information, refer to the valuable book of “al-Mustamsak”, chapter on adhān and iqāmah).

Qaḍā of worships of an ill person who has died

Question:My father had a stroke 5 years ago and now he has passed away. He performed his prayers during these years incorrectly or he didn’t perform them at all because of his illness, also he didn’t fast in these years. Now, what is our duty? Should we perform the qaḍā of the prayers and fasts that he missed or not? PS: the compensation (fidyah) for the fasts that he missed has been paid.
Answer: If the same illness led to his death and he was not able to perform the qaḍā of his prayers and fasts then there is no need to perform their qaḍā. However, if he regained his health and was able to perform them but he did not, it is obligatory on his elder son to make up for them. But those that he had performed incorrectly although it is not obligatory for his elder son but he had better perform their qaḍā.

Performing Prayers in a Standing Position with an Artificial Leg [Prayer of Handicaps and Ill Persons]

Question:Sometimes, handicap persons who use artificial legs and perform prayer in a standing position get tired and because of the possibility of injury they remove the artificial leg and perform their prayers in a sitting position. Is it obligatory for these people to always perform their prayers in a standing position with the help of artificial legs or is it permissible for them to perform their prayers in a sitting position in these cases?
Answer: If it is not too difficult for them, they need to perform their prayers in standing position, even though they do it by using a cane and the like. However, if it causes them much difficulty and discomfort, they can perform their prayers in a sitting position.

Using the Basement of the Mosque for the Installation of Heating and Cooling facilities [Mosque]

Question:Is it permissible to use the basement of the mosque for installing central heating systems and the like?
Answer: There is no issue with it.

Does one need to pay Khums when changing their house or car?

Question:Should we pay the khums when selling our house or car in order to buy new ones?
Answer: You do not need to pay khums under these conditions.

How to calculate distance in religious matters

Question:Is the distance between two locations of Friday Prayers calculated based on the way that people wend or the straight distance between the two locations, and what is the reason for this matter?
Answer: The itinerant distance is the criterion for the calculation of distance in religious issues. The reason for this ruling is that what could generally be understood from traditional proofs (ḥadīths) is the itinerant distance which is calculated based on the normal way traversed by people. This is particularly emphasized because usually the direct way between two locations is shorter than the normal itinerant distance between them that people usually wend. Therefore if the direct way were the criterion for calculating distance in religious issues then it should have been explicitly mentioned in narrations.
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